Atrial fibrillation

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Irregular heart rhythm problem
Causes palpitations, fatigue, shortness of breath
Increases risk of stroke and blood clots
Managed with medicines and lifestyle changes

Overview

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a condition where your heart beats irregularly, often too fast. It happens when the heart's electrical signals become disorganized, causing the upper chambers (atria) to quiver instead of beat effectively. While anyone can develop AFib, it's more common in older individuals and those with other health issues like high blood pressure or heart disease. It can also be triggered by lifestyle factors such as excessive exercise or certain medications. Although there's no cure, AFib can be effectively managed to control symptoms and reduce serious complications like stroke. Treatment involves medications, procedures, and important lifestyle adjustments.

Signs and Symptoms

Irregular pulse
Heart palpitations (pounding, racing, fluttering)
Heartbeat over 100 beats per minute
Feeling very tired
Difficulty with exercise
Chest pain or tightness
Shortness of breath
Lightheadedness or dizziness
Sometimes no noticeable symptoms

Things That Increase the Risk

Age 55 or older
Being male
Obesity or overweight
Smoking
High blood pressure
Other heart conditions (e.g., heart failure)
Overactive thyroid
Diabetes
Sleep apnea
Endurance sports
Certain medications

Diagnosis

GP referral to a heart specialist
Review of symptoms and pulse check
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Echocardiogram (echo)
Chest X-ray
Blood tests

Treatment & Management

Medication to control heart rate and rhythm
Blood thinners to prevent clots (anticoagulants)
Ablation (destroying problematic heart tissue)
Electrical cardioversion (resetting heart rhythm)
Pacemaker or ICD fitting
Treating underlying health conditions
Regular medical check-ups

Prevention

Avoid triggers like caffeine, stress, dehydration
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a balanced diet
Exercise moderately and regularly
Do not smoke
Limit alcohol intake
Avoid excessive or very hard exercise

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Atrial fibrillation: