Burns and Scalds
Last Updated: July 3, 2026
Key Points
- Small burns and scalds can often be treated at home
- Severe burns may need hospital treatment
- Burns are caused by dry heat, electricity, or chemicals
- Scalds are caused by hot liquids or steam
- Immediately cool the burn with running water for 15 minutes
Overview
Burns and scalds are injuries to the skin caused by heat, chemicals, or electricity. Burns typically result from dry heat like fire or hot irons, or from chemical and electrical contact. Scalds, on the other hand, are caused by hot liquids or steam. The severity of these injuries can vary greatly. Minor burns and scalds often heal with home care, while more serious ones, especially those that are large, deep, or affect sensitive areas, need professional medical attention. Immediate first aid, such as cooling the affected area, is crucial for all burns and scalds to minimize damage and pain.
Signs and Symptoms
- Pain
- Redness
- Blisters
- Swelling
- Skin damage
Things That Increase the Risk
- Contact with open flames or hot surfaces
- Exposure to hot liquids or steam
- Accidental contact with electricity
- Exposure to corrosive chemicals or acids
Diagnosis
- Visual assessment of the injury
- Evaluation of burn depth and size
- Review of how the burn occurred
Treatment & Management
- Cooling the burn with running water for at least 15 minutes
- Removing clothing and jewelry not stuck to the skin
- Covering the cooled burn with cling film
- Taking over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen
- Hospital care for severe burns (medication, wound cleaning, IV fluids, surgery)
- Applying emollient ointment for itching and dryness during healing
Prevention
- Handle hot liquids and foods with care
- Keep electrical appliances in good repair
- Store chemicals and acids safely away
- Supervise children around heat sources
- Install smoke detectors and have a fire escape plan
Available Treatments
Explore our range of treatment options for Burns and Scalds:
Surgical Options
Learn about surgical procedures available for Burns and Scalds:
Contents
Quick Info
Affects
Skin
Prevalence
Common household injury
Diagnosis
Visual examination
Treatment
Immediate cooling, pain relief, wound care
Medically Reviewed
Dr. Vijay Bhat
Orthopedic Surgeon · Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
Reviewed on July 3, 2026
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