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COVID-19

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

  • Contagious respiratory illness
  • Caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus
  • Symptoms vary widely
  • Vaccines offer protection
  • Can lead to long-term issues (Long COVID)

Overview

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It primarily affects the respiratory system but can impact many other organs in the body. The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The disease is caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a type of coronavirus. Management focuses on relieving symptoms, preventing severe illness, and reducing transmission. This includes rest, hydration, medications for symptoms, and in some cases, antiviral treatments. Vaccination is a key strategy for prevention.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headache
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or runny nose
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Diarrhea

Things That Increase the Risk

  • Older age
  • Certain underlying medical conditions (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, obesity)
  • Weakened immune system
  • Unvaccinated status
  • Close contact with infected individuals
  • Crowded indoor settings

Diagnosis

  • Rapid antigen tests (lateral flow tests)
  • PCR tests (polymerase chain reaction)
  • Medical history review
  • Physical examination

Treatment & Management

  • Rest and hydration
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., paracetamol, ibuprofen)
  • Antiviral medications (for high-risk individuals)
  • Oxygen therapy (for severe cases)
  • Hospitalization for severe symptoms
  • Vaccination

Prevention

  • Get vaccinated
  • Wear a mask in crowded indoor spaces
  • Practice good hand hygiene
  • Maintain physical distancing
  • Avoid touching face
  • Stay home when sick
  • Improve indoor ventilation

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for COVID-19:

COVID-19 Treatment

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Contents

Quick Info

Affects

People of all ages

Prevalence

Widespread globally

Diagnosis

Rapid antigen or PCR tests

Treatment

Symptom relief, antivirals for some

Medically Reviewed

Dr. Vijay Bhat

Dr. Vijay Bhat

Orthopedic Surgeon · Apollo Hospitals, Chennai

Reviewed on July 3, 2026

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