Hand, foot and mouth disease

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Common childhood illness, also affects adults
Usually resolves naturally in 7 to 10 days
Not related to animal foot and mouth disease
Highly contagious, spreads easily

Overview

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection that most often affects young children, but adults can also get it. It is caused by a group of viruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus. This illness is not the same as the foot and mouth disease that affects farm animals. The disease typically begins with general flu-like symptoms before developing characteristic mouth ulcers and a rash. The rash appears on the hands and feet, and sometimes the groin area and bottom. Symptoms are generally mild and clear up on their own without specific medical treatment. Management focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing the spread of the virus to others. Good hygiene practices are essential to control transmission, especially in settings like schools and nurseries.

Signs and Symptoms

Sore throat
High temperature
Reduced appetite
Painful mouth ulcers
Raised rash on hands and feet
Rash on groin area and bottom
Spots turning into painful blisters

Things That Increase the Risk

Close contact with infected individuals
Young age (common in children)
Poor hand hygiene
Exposure to coughs, sneezes, or blister fluid

Diagnosis

Physical examination of symptoms
Observation of characteristic rash and mouth ulcers
Doctor's clinical assessment

Treatment & Management

Drink cool, non-acidic fluids to prevent dehydration
Eat soft foods, avoid hot, salty, or spicy items
Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain relief
Use mouth ulcer gels, sprays, or mouthwashes (pharmacist advice)
Allow the illness to resolve naturally

Prevention

Wash hands frequently with soap and water
Use tissues to cover coughs and sneezes
Dispose of used tissues promptly
Avoid sharing towels or household items
Wash soiled bedding and clothing on a hot cycle
Avoid close contact with infected individuals, especially if pregnant

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Hand, foot and mouth disease: