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Kyphosis

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

  • A curve in the spine causing a hunched upper back
  • Often caused by bad posture or spinal structure issues
  • Treatment is usually only needed for severe cases or if causing problems
  • Physiotherapy and pain relief are common treatments

Overview

Kyphosis describes a curve in the spine that gives the upper back a hunched or rounded appearance. While a slight curve might not cause any issues, a more noticeable or worsening curve can lead to back pain and stiffness. In severe cases, it can even cause significant pain and breathing difficulties. This condition can stem from various factors, including poor posture, which is common in teenagers, or structural problems within the spine itself. Other causes might include spinal injuries or conditions like arthritis and osteoporosis. There are different types, such as postural kyphosis, Scheuermann’s kyphosis, and rare congenital kyphosis. Management of kyphosis depends on its cause and severity. Many people may not require treatment unless the curve is severe or causing discomfort. Options range from pain relief and physiotherapy to bracing for children and, in rare severe cases, surgery to correct the spinal curve.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Hunched or rounded upper back
  • Rounded shoulders
  • Back pain
  • Spinal stiffness
  • Difficulty breathing (in severe cases)

Things That Increase the Risk

  • Bad posture
  • Spinal injury
  • Arthritis
  • Osteoporosis
  • Abnormal bone growth (Scheuermann’s kyphosis)
  • Spinal development issues from birth (congenital kyphosis)

Diagnosis

  • Consultation with a GP
  • Referral to an orthopaedic surgeon
  • Physical examination of the back and flexibility
  • X-ray of the spine
  • MRI scan for detailed spinal imaging

Treatment & Management

  • Pain relief medication (e.g., paracetamol, anti-inflammatories)
  • Physiotherapy to improve posture and relieve pain
  • Spinal brace for children with specific types of kyphosis
  • Surgery to straighten the spine for severe cases
  • Regular monitoring for children as they grow

Prevention

  • Maintain good posture during daily activities
  • Strengthen core muscles through exercise
  • Regular physical activity
  • Address underlying conditions like osteoporosis

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Kyphosis:

Kyphosis Treatment

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View treatment

Surgical Options

Learn about surgical procedures available for Kyphosis:

Spinal Fusion

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View surgery

Contents

Quick Info

Affects

Spine, upper back

Prevalence

Common (postural type)

Diagnosis

Physical exam, X-ray, MRI

Treatment

Pain relief, physio, bracing, surgery

Medically Reviewed

Dr. Vijay Bhat

Dr. Vijay Bhat

Orthopedic Surgeon · Apollo Hospitals, Chennai

Reviewed on July 3, 2026

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