Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Long-term condition affecting various body parts
Extreme tiredness is the most common symptom
Cause of ME/CFS is currently unknown
Can affect anyone, including children

Overview

Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome or ME/CFS, is a long-term health condition that impacts different parts of the body. Its most prominent symptom is overwhelming tiredness that significantly interferes with daily life. ME/CFS can affect individuals of any age, including children. The exact cause of this condition remains unknown, making diagnosis and treatment focused on symptom management. While there is no cure, various treatments aim to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Living with ME/CFS often requires adapting daily routines and activities over the long term.

Signs and Symptoms

Extreme tiredness (fatigue)
Sleep problems (insomnia, unrefreshing sleep)
Problems with thinking, concentration, memory (brain fog)
Symptoms worsening after physical or mental activity (PEM)
Pain in various body parts
Flu-like symptoms (high temperature, headache, aching joints/muscles)

Things That Increase the Risk

Affects individuals of all ages
No specific genetic markers identified
Environmental triggers not yet confirmed
Cause remains largely unknown

Diagnosis

No specific test for ME/CFS
Based on symptoms and ruling out other conditions
GP asks about symptoms and medical history
Blood and urine tests to exclude other illnesses
Diagnosis considered if symptoms persist longer than expected

Treatment & Management

No cure, but treatments help manage symptoms
Energy management advice (pacing activities)
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Medication for pain and sleep problems
Adapting daily routine long-term

Prevention

Early diagnosis to rule out other conditions
Symptom monitoring for changes
Energy management strategies to prevent worsening
Lifestyle adaptations to reduce flare-ups
Seeking support for mental and emotional health

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS):