Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Fat builds up in your liver
Often linked to being overweight
Usually causes no symptoms
Can be managed with lifestyle changes

Overview

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), also known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a common condition where excess fat accumulates in the liver. This build-up is not caused by heavy alcohol use. NAFLD is strongly associated with lifestyle factors such as being overweight, having an unhealthy diet, and a lack of physical activity. It is also linked to other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Most people with NAFLD experience no symptoms and the condition is often discovered incidentally during tests for other health issues. Early stages typically do not cause serious problems, and progression can often be prevented or reversed through healthy lifestyle changes.

Signs and Symptoms

Usually no symptoms
Feeling very tired
Feeling generally unwell
Liver pain or discomfort under right ribs

Things That Increase the Risk

Being overweight, especially around the stomach
Unhealthy diet or inactive lifestyle
Having type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure or high cholesterol
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Being over 50 years old

Diagnosis

Often found during blood tests or scans for other reasons
GP asks about symptoms and alcohol intake
Physical exam including height, weight, and waist measurement
Further blood tests to check liver function
Scans like an ultrasound of the tummy

Treatment & Management

Healthy lifestyle changes
Regular check-ups and monitoring
Referral to a liver specialist for advanced damage
Medications like pioglitazone or vitamin E in some cases
Weight loss treatments (medicines or surgery) for obesity
Liver transplant in very severe cases

Prevention

Eat a healthy, balanced diet
Exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes a week)
Lose weight if you are overweight
Limit alcohol intake to recommended limits
Do not smoke

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD):