Peripheral Neuropathy

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Affects extremities like hands, feet, and arms
Symptoms depend on which nerves are affected
Common in people over 55, affecting about 1 in 10
Diabetes is the most common cause

Overview

Peripheral neuropathy develops when nerves in the body's extremities, such as the hands, feet, and arms, become damaged. These nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, which lies outside the brain and spinal cord, and are responsible for transmitting sensations, controlling muscles, and regulating automatic body functions. This condition is quite common, affecting an estimated 1 in 10 people aged 55 or over. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the type of nerve affected, but often include numbness, pain, or weakness in the affected areas. While diabetes is the most frequent cause, other factors like physical injuries, infections, certain medications, and excessive alcohol consumption can also lead to peripheral neuropathy. Treatment typically focuses on managing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms to prevent further damage and complications.

Signs and Symptoms

Numbness and tingling in feet or hands
Burning, stabbing, or shooting pain
Loss of balance and coordination
Muscle weakness, especially in the feet
Symptoms may be constant or come and go

Things That Increase the Risk

Diabetes (type 1 and type 2)
Physical injury to nerves
Viral infections like shingles
Side effects from certain medicines
Excessive alcohol consumption
Older age (over 55)

Diagnosis

GP consultation for early symptoms
Discussion of symptoms and medical history
Physical examination
Blood tests and other investigations
Referral to a neurologist for specialist assessment

Treatment & Management

Controlling underlying causes (e.g., managing blood sugar for diabetes)
Prescribed neuropathic pain medications
Physiotherapy for muscle weakness
Use of walking aids for mobility
Treating individual symptoms as they arise

Prevention

Maintain good blood sugar control if diabetic
Limit or avoid alcohol intake
Have regular check-ups if at high risk
Protect against physical nerve injuries
Seek prompt treatment for infections

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Peripheral Neuropathy: