Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Affects how a woman's ovaries work
Involves irregular periods, excess male hormones, and many small follicles in ovaries
Very common, affecting about 1 in 10 women
Symptoms usually appear in late teens or early 20s

Overview

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread condition that impacts how a woman's ovaries function. It is characterized by three main features: irregular periods, higher levels of "male" hormones (androgens), and ovaries that appear enlarged with many small fluid-filled sacs (follicles) surrounding the eggs. A diagnosis is typically made if at least two of these features are present. The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it often runs in families and is linked to abnormal hormone levels. A key factor is high levels of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Many women with PCOS are resistant to insulin, causing their bodies to produce even more, which in turn can increase the production of male hormones. Being overweight or obese can further increase insulin production. While there is no cure for PCOS, its symptoms can be effectively managed. Treatment often begins with lifestyle changes, such as weight loss and a healthy diet, which can significantly improve symptoms. Various medicines are available to address specific issues like excessive hair growth, irregular periods, and fertility challenges. For some, a minor surgical procedure called laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) may be an option to improve fertility.

Signs and Symptoms

Irregular periods or no periods
Difficulty getting pregnant
Excessive hair growth (face, chest, back, buttocks)
Weight gain
Thinning hair or hair loss from the head
Oily skin or acne

Things That Increase the Risk

Family history of PCOS
Abnormal hormone levels
High insulin levels
Insulin resistance
Being overweight or obese

Diagnosis

Review of symptoms and medical history
Physical examination for signs like excess hair
Blood tests to check hormone levels
Ultrasound scan to examine ovaries

Treatment & Management

Weight loss and healthy, balanced diet
Medicines for excessive hair growth
Medicines for irregular periods
Medicines for fertility problems
Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) for fertility

Prevention

Maintain a healthy body weight
Eat a balanced and nutritious diet
Engage in regular physical activity
Monitor for symptoms and seek early medical advice

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: