Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Infections affect breathing parts like sinuses, throat, airways, or lungs
Most RTIs improve within 1-2 weeks without specific treatment
Common symptoms include cough, sore throat, runny nose, and fever
Antibiotics are only effective for bacterial infections, not viral
Good hygiene helps prevent the spread of infection

Overview

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common illnesses that affect any part of your breathing system, from your sinuses and throat to your airways and lungs. These infections can range from mild conditions like the common cold to more serious ones like pneumonia. Most RTIs are caused by viruses, meaning they will clear up on their own over time. Less commonly, bacteria can cause RTIs, which might require antibiotics. It's important to understand the cause, as antibiotics are not effective against viral infections. While most RTIs can be managed with home care, it's crucial to know when to seek medical advice, especially if symptoms worsen or persist, or if you belong to a high-risk group.

Signs and Symptoms

Cough (may bring up mucus)
Sneezing
Stuffy or runny nose
Sore throat
Headaches
Muscle aches
Breathlessness
Tight chest or wheezing
High temperature
Feeling generally unwell

Things That Increase the Risk

Being over 65 years old
Weakened immune system (e.g., diabetes, chemotherapy)
Long-term health conditions (heart, lung, kidney disease)
Pregnancy
Smoking
Close contact with infected individuals

Diagnosis

Doctor's assessment of symptoms
Physical examination
Mucus sample testing (in some cases)

Treatment & Management

Get plenty of rest
Drink lots of water to loosen mucus
Drink hot lemon and honey (not for babies under 1)
Gargle with warm salty water (not for children)
Raise head with extra pillows for easier breathing
Use painkillers for fever, aches, and sore throat
Consult a pharmacist for decongestants or nasal sprays
Complete full course of antibiotics if prescribed for bacterial infection

Prevention

Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
Wash hands regularly with soap and water
Dispose of used tissues immediately
Ask about annual flu vaccine (if high risk)
Inquire about pneumococcal vaccine (if high risk)
Avoid smoking

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs):