Restless Legs Syndrome

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Strong urge to move legs, usually at night
Often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations
Can severely disrupt sleep and mental well-being
Linked to iron levels and brain dopamine
Treatment depends on the underlying cause

Overview

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological condition characterized by an overwhelming urge to move your legs. This urge is often accompanied by uncomfortable sensations like tingling, throbbing, or itching deep within the legs. Symptoms typically worsen during periods of rest or inactivity, especially in the evening or at night. Moving the legs usually provides temporary relief, but the discomfort can significantly disrupt sleep and impact daily life. Some people may also experience symptoms in their arms. While often without a clear cause, RLS is thought to involve iron levels and the brain chemical dopamine. Management focuses on lifestyle changes, treating underlying conditions like iron deficiency, and sometimes medication to control symptoms.

Signs and Symptoms

Strong, irresistible need to move legs
Uncomfortable leg feelings (tingling, throbbing, itching)
Pain in legs
Symptoms worse at night or when resting
Temporary relief by moving legs
Symptoms can also occur in arms

Things That Increase the Risk

Family history of RLS
Pregnancy (symptoms often resolve after birth)
Iron deficiency anaemia
Kidney disease
Certain medications

Diagnosis

Doctor evaluation of symptoms and medical history
Discussion of sleep patterns
Blood tests to check iron levels
Review of current medications
Ruling out other conditions like leg cramps or peripheral neuropathy

Treatment & Management

Treating underlying conditions (e.g., iron supplements for deficiency)
Adjusting or changing medications that worsen RLS
Prescription medicines like pregabalin or gabapentin
Painkillers such as codeine or tramadol
Medicines to increase dopamine levels (e.g., ropinirole)
Medications to help with sleep problems
Warm baths or heat pads on legs before bed
Walking, stretching, or massaging legs during symptoms
Distraction techniques like reading or puzzles
Talking therapies if RLS affects mental health

Prevention

Engage in regular daytime exercise
Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
Ensure a dark, quiet bedroom environment
Avoid caffeine after midday
Limit alcohol intake, especially before bed
Do not eat large meals or exercise strenuously late at night
Avoid electronic devices before bedtime
Stop smoking
Avoid daytime naps

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Restless Legs Syndrome: