Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Temporary disruption of brain blood supply
Symptoms similar to a stroke, but resolve quickly
A critical warning sign for a future stroke
Immediate medical assessment is essential

Overview

A transient ischaemic attack (TIA), commonly known as a 'mini stroke', occurs when there's a temporary interruption in the blood supply to a part of the brain. This lack of oxygen causes sudden symptoms similar to a full stroke, such as speech difficulties, visual problems, or weakness in the face or limbs. Unlike a full stroke, TIA symptoms typically last only a few minutes to a few hours and fully disappear within 24 hours. Even if symptoms disappear quickly, it's crucial to seek immediate medical help by calling emergency services. It's impossible to tell if you're having a TIA or a full stroke in the early stages. A TIA is a serious warning that you are at high risk of having a full stroke soon, and prompt assessment helps doctors reduce this risk. A TIA is usually caused by a blood clot blocking a blood vessel supplying the brain. This clot might form elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain, or it could be caused by fatty material or air bubbles. Several factors can increase your risk of experiencing a TIA.

Signs and Symptoms

Face drooped on one side
Difficulty smiling or moving mouth/eye
Weakness or numbness in one arm
Inability to lift both arms
Slurred or garbled speech
Difficulty talking or understanding speech
Sudden visual disturbance

Things That Increase the Risk

Smoking
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Obesity
High cholesterol levels
Regular excessive alcohol consumption
Atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat)
Diabetes
Age over 55 years
Asian, African, or Caribbean descent

Diagnosis

Immediate emergency medical assessment
Hospital evaluation even if symptoms resolve
Referral to a specialist within 24 hours
Urgent GP appointment for past, unassessed symptoms

Treatment & Management

Personalized treatment plan
Lifestyle changes to reduce stroke risk
Medication to address the cause of TIA
Carotid endarterectomy (surgery to unblock neck arteries)

Prevention

Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a healthy, balanced diet
Engage in regular exercise
Limit alcohol intake
Avoid smoking

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Transient ischaemic attack (TIA):