Vascular Dementia

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain
Common type of dementia, rare under 65
Symptoms include slow thought, confusion, memory issues
Treatment can slow progression, but there is no cure

Overview

Vascular dementia is a common form of dementia resulting from reduced blood flow to the brain. This lack of blood damages brain cells, leading to problems with mental abilities. It's estimated to affect around 180,000 people in the UK and is rare in those under 65. The condition typically worsens over time, but treatment can sometimes help slow its progression. While there's no cure or way to reverse existing brain cell loss, management focuses on addressing underlying causes to reduce further damage.

Signs and Symptoms

Slowness of thought
Difficulty with planning and understanding
Problems with concentration
Changes to mood, personality, or behavior
Feeling disoriented and confused
Difficulty walking and keeping balance
Memory and language problems (can overlap with Alzheimer's)

Things That Increase the Risk

High blood pressure
Diabetes
History of strokes or mini strokes (TIAs)
Smoking
Being overweight
Age, especially over 65

Diagnosis

Assessment of symptoms
Review of full medical history
Tests of mental abilities
Brain scans (MRI or CT scan)
Referral to a memory clinic or specialist

Treatment & Management

Eating a healthy, balanced diet
Weight loss if overweight
Stopping smoking
Getting regular physical activity
Reducing alcohol intake
Medications for high blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood clots
Physiotherapy
Occupational therapy
Psychological therapies

Prevention

Maintain healthy blood pressure levels
Effectively manage diabetes
Avoid smoking
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a balanced and nutritious diet
Limit alcohol consumption
Engage in regular physical activity

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Vascular Dementia: