Lyme disease
Last Updated: July 3, 2026
Key Points
- Bacterial infection from infected ticks
- Easier to treat if diagnosed early
- Common early sign: circular rash
- Can lead to severe joint and nerve issues
Overview
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It's crucial to identify and treat it early, as prompt care significantly improves outcomes. Initial symptoms often include a distinctive circular rash and flu-like feelings. If left untreated, the infection can progress, leading to more serious problems affecting joints, nerves, and even the heart. Treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics. Knowing how to prevent tick bites and remove them safely is key to reducing your risk of getting Lyme disease.
Signs and Symptoms
- Circular or oval rash (bullseye)
- Rash appears 1-4 weeks after bite
- Fever, chills, headache
- Muscle and joint pain
- Tiredness, loss of energy
- Later: severe joint pain and swelling
- Later: nerve problems (pain, numbness)
- Later: heart issues
- Later: memory or concentration difficulties
Things That Increase the Risk
- Being bitten by an infected tick
- Spending time in grassy or wooded areas
- Not removing ticks quickly after a bite
- Delaying medical treatment for symptoms
Diagnosis
- Doctor reviews symptoms and tick bite history
- Assessment of any rash
- Blood tests to confirm (less accurate early on)
- Retesting if symptoms persist after negative result
Treatment & Management
- Antibiotics prescribed by a doctor
- Treatment is more effective when started early
- Antibiotic course up to 28 days
- Complete the full course of medication
- Severe cases may require IV antibiotics in hospital
- Specialist referral for persistent symptoms
Prevention
- Avoid tick bites
- Remove ticks quickly and safely
- Cover skin in outdoor areas
- Use insect repellent (DEET recommended)
- Stay on clear paths
- Wear light-colored clothing
- Check body, clothes, and pets for ticks
Available Treatments
Explore our range of treatment options for Lyme disease:
Contents
Quick Info
Affects
People bitten by infected ticks
Prevalence
Common in grassy/wooded areas
Diagnosis
Clinical exam, rash, blood tests
Treatment
Antibiotics
Medically Reviewed
Dr. Vijay Bhat
Orthopedic Surgeon · Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
Reviewed on July 3, 2026
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