Rheumatoid arthritis

Last Updated: July 3, 2026

Key Points

Long-term autoimmune condition
Causes joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
Often affects hands, feet, and wrists
Immune system attacks joint lining
Early treatment prevents joint damage

Overview

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic condition that causes pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints. It is an autoimmune disease, meaning your immune system mistakenly attacks the healthy cells lining your joints, leading to inflammation. This condition usually affects joints in the hands, feet, and wrists, but can impact other parts of the body. Symptoms can vary, with periods of worsening known as flare-ups. While flares can be unpredictable, treatment aims to reduce their frequency and minimize or prevent long-term joint damage. Over time, untreated inflammation can damage cartilage and nearby bone. There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, but early diagnosis and appropriate treatment allow many people to live full lives and maintain regular employment. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and preventing complications.

Signs and Symptoms

Joint pain
Joint swelling
Joint stiffness
Flare-ups (worsening symptoms)
Tiredness
Weight loss

Things That Increase the Risk

Being a woman
Family history of rheumatoid arthritis
Smoking

Diagnosis

Consult a doctor for symptoms
Early identification of underlying cause
Prompt diagnosis for better outcomes

Treatment & Management

Long-term medicines to relieve symptoms
Medicines to slow disease progression
Physiotherapy for mobility
Occupational therapy for daily activities
Surgery for joint problems
Adapting daily tasks

Prevention

Early diagnosis and treatment
Consistent management of the condition
Controlling flare-ups
Reducing risk of complications
Avoiding smoking

Available Treatments

Explore our range of treatment options for Rheumatoid arthritis: