Sciatica
Last Updated: July 3, 2026
Key Points
- Irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve
- Causes pain, tingling, or numbness in one leg
- Often improves in a few weeks to months
- Can recur even after recovery
Overview
Sciatica is pain caused by irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which runs from your lower back down to your feet. This nerve irritation leads to symptoms primarily in the buttock and down the back of one leg, often including the foot and toes. It's commonly caused by a slipped disc, spinal narrowing (spinal stenosis), or a back injury. The pain can come on suddenly or gradually, and may worsen with movement, sneezing, or coughing. While sciatica usually gets better on its own within a few weeks or months, treatments include exercises, pain relief, and physiotherapy. In severe or persistent cases, injections or surgery might be considered.
Signs and Symptoms
- Sharp, burning pain down the back of one leg
- Tingling sensation (pins and needles)
- Numbness in the leg or foot
- Weakness in the affected leg
- Pain worse with movement, sneezing, or coughing
Things That Increase the Risk
- Slipped disc
- Spinal stenosis (narrowing of spinal canal)
- Spondylolisthesis (spinal bone slips out of place)
- Back injury
- Older age
- Being overweight
- Smoking
Diagnosis
- Doctor's assessment of symptoms
- Physical examination
- Review of medical history
Treatment & Management
- Continuing normal activities as much as possible
- Regular exercises and stretches
- Applying heat packs to painful areas
- Over-the-counter painkillers (consult pharmacist)
- Physiotherapy (exercise advice, massage)
- Psychological support for pain management
- Radiofrequency denervation (for severe pain)
- Painkilling injections (e.g., epidural)
- Decompression surgery (for severe cases)
Prevention
- Staying active with regular exercise
- Using safe lifting techniques
- Maintaining good posture (sitting and standing)
- Using correct computer posture
- Losing excess weight
- Avoiding smoking
Available Treatments
Explore our range of treatment options for Sciatica:
Surgical Options
Learn about surgical procedures available for Sciatica:
Contents
Quick Info
Affects
Sciatic nerve, lower back, leg
Prevalence
Common
Diagnosis
Clinical symptom assessment
Treatment
Exercise, pain management, physiotherapy
Medically Reviewed
Dr. Vijay Bhat
Orthopedic Surgeon · Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
Reviewed on July 3, 2026
Need Professional Help?
Consult with our healthcare professionals to discuss your symptoms and treatment options.